Name: Herbicides
Use: kill or injure plants
Source: synthetic chemistry
Recommended daily intake: none (not
essential)
Absorption: intestine, inhalation,
skin
Sensitive individuals: fetus, children
Toxicity/symptoms: varies
Regulatory facts: RfDs exist for many
insecticides. Regulated by EPA.
General facts: long history of use,
now being used in combination with genetically modified
plants
Environmental: global environmental
Recommendations: avoid, consider alternatives,
Integrated Pest Management
REFERENCES
/ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
European, Asian, and International Agencies
North American Agencies
Non-Government Organizations
- Washington State
University - Pesticide Education Program: education with an
emphasis on personal safety, environmental protection, and effective
integrated pest management. (accessed: 04 April 2006).
- Scorecard. Information
on the use of pesticides and other chemicals. Produced by the
Environmental Defense Fund. (accessed: 29 August 2004).
- Food News. Consumer information
about pesticides in food. Produced by the Environmental Working
Group. (accessed: 29 August 2004).
- Pesticide Action Network North
America (PANNA). (accessed: 4 April 2003).
"PANNA works to replace pesticide use with ecologically sound
and socially just alternatives." See their recent report
- "Chemical Trespass - Pesticides in our bodies and corporate
responsibility"
- Pesticide Action
Network International (PANI). (accessed: 4 April 2003).
"PANI is a network of over 600 participating nongovernmental
organizations, institutions and individuals in over 60 countries
working to replace the use of hazardous pesticides with ecologically
sound alternatives (English, French, Spanish)."
- Pesticide Database site
- by Pesticide Action Network North America (PAN). (accessed:
4 April 2003).
"The PAN Pesticide Database brings together a diverse array
of information on pesticides from many different sources, providing
human toxicity (chronic and acute), ecotoxicity and regulatory
information for about 5,400 pesticide active ingredients and their
transformation products, as well as adjuvants and solvents used
in pesticide products."
- National Pesticide
Telecommunications Network (NPTN). (accessed: 4 April 2003).
NPTN is based at Oregon State University and is cooperatively
sponsored by the University and EPA. NPTN serves as a source of
objective, science-based pesticide information on a wide range
of pesticide-related topics, such as recognition and management
of pesticide poisonings, safety information, health and environmental
effects, referrals for investigation of pesticide incidents and
emergency treatment for both humans and animals, and cleanup and
disposal procedures.
- Beyond Pesticides.
Online. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
"Beyond Pesticides is a national network committed to pesticide
safety and the adoption of alternative pest management strategies
which reduce or eliminate a dependency on toxic chemicals."
- EXTOXNET InfoBase.
Online. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
EXTOXNET provides a variety of information about pesticides, including
- the Pesticide Information Profiles (PIPs) for specific information
on pesticides and the Toxicology Information Briefs (TIBs) contain
a discussion of certain concepts in toxicology and environmental
chemistry.
- Washington Toxics Coalition (WTC).
(accessed: 4 April 2003).
WTC provides information on model pesticide-policies, alternatives
to home pesticides, and much more.
- The Northwest Coalition
for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP) works to protect people
and the environment by advancing healthy solutions to pest problems.
(accessed: 3 July 2004).
- Monsanto
company. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
Site contains information on Monsanto company pesticides and agricultural
products.
Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
References
Kamel F and Hoppin JA. Association of pesticide exposure
with neurologic dysfunction and disease. Environ Health
Perspect. 2004 Jun;112(9):950-8. Available online at
EHPonline.
(accessed: 30 June 2004).
MMWR (1999). Farm
worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and
other pesticides – Fresno County, California,
1998. February 19, 1999, 48(6), 113-116. (accessed:
5 July 2003)..
Dean, S. R., & Meola, R. W. (2002). Effect of diet
composition on weight gain, sperm transfer, and insemination
in the cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol,
39(2), 370-375.
Dryden, M. W., & Gaafar, S. M. (1991). Blood consumption
by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera:
Pulicidae)
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