REFERENCES
/ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Teaching
resources
- Center
for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences,
University of Washington. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
K-12 teacher resources, Tox-In-A- Box, and other teacher
and student aids.
- Toxicology
Tutorials – National Library of Medicine.
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
Site has three tutorial lessons on toxicology.
- Toxicology
Education Foundation (TEF). (accessed: 2 April
2003).
TEF provides grants and resources for education in
toxicology.
- Society
of Toxicology (SOT) – K-12 Resources. (accessed:
2 April 2003).
U.S. national toxicology organization site has a variety
of useful information and links to educational resources
on toxicology and related biological sciences.
European, Asian, and International
Agencies
- Organization For
Economic Co-Operation And Development (OECD) –
Chemical Safety. (accessed: 10 April 2003).
This OECD Site contains general information on environmental
and chemical health and safety.
- European
Union - Public Health. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
European Union has extensive health related information
in many languages.
- European Environment
Agency. (accessed: 9 April 2003).
European Environment Agency has extensive environmental
health related information in many languages.
- The
National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).
(accessed: 2 April 2003).
NICE was set up as a Special Health Authority for
England and Wales and its role is to provide patients,
health professionals and the public with authoritative,
robust and reliable guidance on current “best
practice”.
- England –
Department of Health (DOH). (accessed: 1 April
2003).
The aim of DOH is to improve the health and well-being
of people in England.
- International
Chemical Safety Cards. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
This international sire has information on large number
of agents.
- International
Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
“ITER is a compilation of human health risk
values from a number of international health organizations
and independent groups.”
- Chemical Safety
Information from Intergovernmental Organizations.
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
IPCS INCHEM is a means of rapid access to internationally
peer reviewed information on chemicals commonly used
throughout the world, which may also occur as contaminants
in the environment and food. It consolidates information
from a number of intergovernmental organizations whose
goal it is to assist in the sound management of chemicals.
- International
Pesticide Data Sheets. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
Site has a large list of pesticide data sheets.
- International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC). (accessed: 1 April
2003).
IARC's mission is to coordinate and conduct research
on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis,
and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control.
- World Health Organization
(WHO). (accessed: 1 April 2003).
The World Health Organization, the United Nations
specialized agency for health, was established on
7 April 1948. WHO's objective, as set out in its Constitution,
is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible
level of health. Information is in English, Spanish,
and French.
- International
Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
IPCS is a joint programme of three Cooperating Organizations
- ILO, UNEP and WHO, implementing activities related
to chemical safety.
- Encyclopaedia
of Occupational Health and Safety. (accessed:
1 April 2003).
Published by the International Labour Organization’s
Constitution to promote "the protection of the
worker from sickness, disease and injury arising out
of employment".
- European Environment
Agency. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
Site has information on improving Europe’s environment.
- The Global
Information Network on Chemicals (GINC). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
GINC is a worldwide information network for safe use
of chemicals.
- EcoNet - Institute
for Global Communications (IGC). (accessed: 1
April 2003).
EcoNet is part of IGC and was the world's first computer
network dedicated to environmental preservation and
sustainability.
- Human and
Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
HERA, on ingredients of household cleaning projects
is a voluntary industry program to carry out Human
and Environmental Risk Assessments on ingredients
of household cleaning products. HERA is a unique European
partnership established in 1999 between the makers
of household cleaning products (AISE) and the chemical
industry (CEFIC) that supplies the raw materials.
- Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare. (accessed: 5 April 2003).
This is Australia's national agency for health and
welfare statistics and information.
- Japan
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW).
(accessed: 5 April 2003).
Japan’s MHLW is regulates drug, food and labor
safety.
- Japan
- National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS).
(accessed: 5 April 2003).
Japan’s NIHS regulates drugs and chemicals.
North American Agencies
- National Library of Medicine - Toxicology
and Environmental Health - Broad base of information
and links related to toxicology and environmental
health. (accessed: 19 August 2004)
- U.S. EPA - "The Distributed
Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database
Network provides a community forum for publishing
standard format, structure-annotated chemical toxicity
data files for open public access." (accessed:
4 July 2004).
- Health Canada.
(accessed: 8 April 2003).
Health Canada provides extensive health related information
in English or French.
- The Canadian Centre
for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
CCOHS promotes a safe and healthy working environment
by providing information and advice about occupational
health and safety.
- Canadian
Health Network. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
Provides a range of health related information in
both English and French. Maintained by the Health
Canada, of the Canadian government.
- Canadian
CHEMINDEX database. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
The CHEMINDEX database contains information on over
200,000 chemicals; record contains identification
information on a unique chemical substance, including
chemical names and synonyms, the CAS registry number,
and a list of the CCINFO databases containing information
on that substance.
Canadian
MSDS Database. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
Material Safety Data Sheets on over 120,000 compounds
from 600 North American manufacturers and suppliers.
- U.S.
National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April
2003).
This site provides access to probably the greatest
sources of reference material in the world. The Health
Information section has specific areas related to
Toxicology as well as many searchable databases.
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). (accessed: 1 April 2003).
Contains a wealth of information on many common environmental
pollutants such as lead, mercury and pesticides as
well as regulatory information. The site also has
a great kids section.
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) –
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
“IRIS is a database of human health effects
that may result from exposure to various substances
found in the environment.” An excellent souse
of information about many compounds – a great
starting place.
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) - Toxics Release Inventory
(TRI) Program. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
“The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a publicly
available EPA database that contains information on
toxic chemical releases and other waste management
activities reported annually by certain covered industry
groups as well as federal facilities.”
- U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). (accessed: 1 April 2003).
All you would ever want to know about the drug approval
process as well as basic information on diseases and
current event topics.
- U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - FDA History.
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
Site contains an interesting historical perspective
on the U.S. FDA.
- U.S. Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
OSHA is responsible for regulating the work place
environment. The site has information on current standards
and business requirements.
- U.S. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
NIOSH is responsible for conducting research and making
recommendations for the prevention of work-related
disease and injury.
- U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
CDC is recognized as the lead federal agency for protecting
the health and safety of people of the United States.
- U.S. Consumer Product
Safety Commission (CPSC). (accessed: 1 April 2003).
CPSC works to save lives and keep families safe by
reducing the risk of injuries and deaths associated
with consumer products.
- U.S.
National Toxicology Program (NTP). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
NTP was established in 1978 by the Department of Health
and Human Services (DHHS) to coordinate toxicological
testing programs within the Department, strengthen
the science base in toxicology; develop and validate
improved testing methods; and provide information
about potentially toxic chemicals to health regulatory
and research agencies, the scientific and medical
communities, and the public.
- U.S. National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
Wide range of information linking the environment,
toxicology and health.
- California
Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). (accessed:
1 April 2003).
“The CalEPA mission is to restore, protect and
enhance the environment, to ensure public health,
environmental quality and economic vitality.”
- California Office
of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA).
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
“The OEHHA mission is to protect and enhance
public health and the environment by objective scientific
evaluation of risks posed by hazardous substances.”
Non-government Organizations
- Environmental
Defense. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
“Environmental Defense is dedicated to protecting
the environmental rights of all people, including
future generations. Among these rights are clean air
and water, healthy and nourishing food, and a flourishing
ecosystem.”
- Environmental
Defense – Scorecard. (accessed: 1 April
2003).
Site has information on health effects and state exposure
issues.
- Toxicology Excellence
For Risk Assessment. (accessed: 1 April 2003).
“TERA is a nonprofit (501(c)(3)) corporation
dedicated to the best use of toxicity data for the
development of risk values.”
- North American
Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE).
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
NAAEE is a network of professionals, students, and
volunteers working in the field of environmental education
throughout North America and in over 55 countries
around the world. Since 1971, the Association has
promoted environmental education and supported the
work of environmental educators.
- American
Lung Association (ALA). (accessed: 1 April 2003).
ALA fights lung disease in all its forms, with special
emphasis on asthma, tobacco control and environmental
health.
- Society of Toxicology.
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
U.S. based international professional organization
for toxicologists.
- Drug Library.
(accessed: 1 April 2003).
Offers an incredible history and information on commonly
used recreational drugs.
Library References
Introductions to Toxicology
and Risk
- The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide
to Toxicology, by Alice Ottoboni, 1991. Van Nos Reinhold,
$24.95. (A very good introduction to toxicology.)
- Beating Murphy’s Law: The Amazing Science
of Risk, by Bob Berger. 1994. Dell, $11.95. (A fun
look at risk in every day life.)
- Risk Analysis and Management. By Morgan, M. Granger
Scientific American, July 1993 p 32-41. (This is a
good short overview of many of the issues in risk
analysis.)
- Basics of Toxicology. By Chris Kent, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York, 1998 p 401. (More detailed
over view but still accessible).
- Reference Books (lots of good information, but costly)
- Principles and Methods of Toxicology, (4th Edition),
ed A. Wallace Hayes, 2001. Taylor & Francis, London,
P. 1887. (An important book on the principles of toxicology
with a emphasis on testing and safety assessment in
toxicology.)
- Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology, The Basic
Science of Poisons (6th Edition), ed Curtis D. Klaassen,
2001. McGraw-Hill, New York. P. 1236. (One of the
classic toxicology textbooks that contains more than
anyone wants to know about toxicology.)
- Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis
of Therapeutics (8th Edition), ed. Joel G. Hardman,
Lee E. Limbird, Perry B. Molinoff, and Raymond W.
Ruddon, 1996, McGraw Hill, New York, p 1905. (A detailed
book on the pharmacological (i.e. beneficial) and
toxicological (i.e. adverse) effects of drugs. Also
considerable basic physiological information.)
- U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment,
Neurotoxicity: Identifying and Controlling Poisons
of the Nervous System, OTA-BA-436 (Washington, DC:
U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1990.) (An
excellent overview of toxicology with an obvious emphasis
on chemical agents that affect the nervous system.)
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